A transformer cannot raise or lower the voltage of a d. The transformer is a electrostatic device which is used to transfer electrical energy voltage or current from one circuit to another by mutual induction of two electric circuits without change in frequency, which is working under the principle of electromagnetic induction. Thus, effective, regular maintenance and testing is even more essential to. There are two main effects that are used in a transformer and both relate to current and magnetic. Transformer is an electrical device that makes the transfer of energy by forming inductive coupling between the winding of its circuits. Transformer basic objective introduce basic transformer theory as it relates to diagnostics provide a better understanding of the diagnostic test environment identify important information that should be collected in the diagnostic test process. This pdf ebook notes on basic electrical engineering contains brief concise notes and will help you in your studies for your first year semester examination. Lecture series on basic electrical technology by prof. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, we have already learnt that, a varying flux can induce an emf in a coil.
Bee1101 1 st and 2 nd semester syallabus modulei 10 hours dc networks. By the principle of mutual induction, when another coil is brought beside such coil, the flux induces emf into the second coil now, the coil which has the varying flux is called as the primary coil and the coil into which emf is induced is called as the secondary. This subject is common for all branches for the first year students. Question 3 an essential part of an acdc power supply circuit is the. Basic electrical engineering quick revision pdf notes. Transformer basics and working principle,construction,types of transformers, emf. The basic transformer consists of at least two coils of wire wound around an iron core. Voltage v current a power w short circuit test 55 20. Stepup transformer if the number of turns on the secondary winding of a transformer is greater than the number of turns on the primary winding, then the secondary output. Basic electrical technology lecturer nptel videos description notes by prof. Depending upon the number of turns in the secondary winding, the transformer can be called as a step up or a step down transformer. Principle of operation of dc machines, types of dc generators. Single phase transformer, constructional details, core, windings, insulation, principle of operation, emf equation, magnetising current and core losses, no load and on load operation, phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, losses and efficiency, condition for maximum. The working principle of a transformer is very simple.
The use of transformers in transmission system is shown in the figure below. Instrument transformer basic technical information and. This is a step down transformer and is said to have a turns ratio of 2,660. Notes for basic electrical engineering bee by sibananda achari lecture notes, notes, pdf free download, engineering notes, university notes, best. According to faradays law of electromagnetic induction, there will be an emf induced in the second winding. Apr 30, 2019 basic electrical engineering books and notes pdf free download, basic electrical engineering books pdf, basic electrical engineering pdf notes, basic electrical engineering books pdf, basic electrical engineering dp kothari pdf free download, basic electrical engineering pdf by b l theraja pdf free download, basic electrical engineering revised edition by v. A diodes iv characteristic is shown in figure 6 below. Basic transformer operation can be described by two formulae relating the transformation ratio to. Aug 05, 2016 video lecture on construction of transformer and its types of chapter single phase transformer of subject basic electrical engineering for firstyear engineering students.
Kirchhoffs laws, node and mesh analysis, deltastar and stardelta transformations. The transformer circuit in figure 82 shows basic transformer action. The secondary coil, which receives energy from the primary winding and delivers it to the load. The main point to be noted here is that, there will not be any difference in the primary and secondary power of the transformer. Mutual induction is the process by which a coil of wire magnetically. Basic electrical engineering books and notes pdf free download, basic electrical engineering books pdf, basic electrical engineering pdf notes, basic electrical engineering books pdf, basic electrical engineering dp kothari pdf free download, basic electrical engineering pdf by b l theraja pdf free download, basic electrical engineering revised edition by v. The primary coil, which receives energy from the ac source.
Basic transformer notes transformer alternating current scribd. At the end of the course, the student is expected to know the fundamental of electrical engineering and practical and practical implementation of fundamental theory concepts. Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics vii contents continued page 4. I am sharing the class lecture notes ebook for the subject basic electrical engineering for first year engineering students. For example, many cell phones, laptops, video games, and power tools and small appliances have a transformer built into their plugin unit like that in figure 1. Video lecture on construction of transformer and its types of chapter single phase transformer of subject basic electrical engineering for firstyear engineering students. The primary winding is connected to a 60 hertz ac source. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and. Principle of operation of dc motors, types of dc motors.
For example, many cell phones, laptops, video games, and power tools and small appliances have a transformer built into their plugin unit like that in figure 1 that changes 120 v or 240 v ac into whatever. Basic constraints core loss typical value of for ferrite materials. Both coils are wound onto, but insulated from the iron core. The transformer the principle parts of a transformer and their functions are. It can be designed to step up or step down voltages and works on the magnetic induction principle. The principle parts of a transformer and their functions are. A transformer in its simplest form will consist of a rectangular. Basic electronics engineering notes pdf vtu bee notes vtu sw. After having a good knowledge on the working of the diode, which is a single pn junction, let us try to connect two pn junctions which make a new component called transistor. Note that for a stepup transformer, the output current it 2 is actually less than that of it 1, whereas for the stepdown transformer the opposite is true. A transformer operates on the principals of electromagnetic induction, in the form of mutual induction. Basic transformer notes transformer alternating current.
In the transformer following winding has got more crosssectional area a low voltage winding b high voltage winding c primary winding d secondary winding ans. In figure one above is the basic electrical symbol for a transformer. Umanand description about all chapters i consider this as lecture 2 meaning the first part the motivation as 1, the second part the course contents as 2 and the lecture 3 which will be of course the next hour. Some transformers have more windings but the basis of operation is still the same. We have provided basic electrical and electronics of b.
In a transformer, source of alternating current is applied to the primary winding. Transmission of electrical power over long distances occur a great loss in power. The core, which makes a path for the magnetic flux. Pdf basic electrical engineering 1st year ebook, notes. Piv is the peakinversevoltage of the diode forward bias occurs when the ptype block is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the ntype is connected to the negative terminal of. Nov 17, 2019 a transformer is a static device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic induction. The transformer does this by linking together two or more electrical circuits using a common oscillating magnetic circuit which is produced by the transformer itself. Diodes and transistors university of california, berkeley. Transformer cant stepup or stepdown the level of dc voltage or dc current. Tech 1st year study materials and lecture notes for cse, ece, eee, it, mech, civil, ane, ae, pce and all other branches.
A transformer has no moving parts and is a completely. Figure 141 0 two basic types of transformers are the in sulating transformer and the autotransformer. Transformer is required to pass electrical energy from one circuit to another via pulsating magnetic eld, as e ciently and economically as possible. Transformer basicsworking principle,construction,types. Notes for basic electrical engineering bee by sibananda achari lecture notes, notes, pdf free download, engineering notes, university notes, best pdf notes, semester, sem, year, for all, study material.
Basic electrical vector group of transformer electrical. In a shelltype shell form transformer, the steel magnetic circuit core forms a shell surrounding the windings. Transients in rl, rc and rlc circuits with dc excitation. The current i 1t in the primary generates a magnetic flux density br,t.
This ebook of basic electrical engineering is in pdf format which is easily. The ratio of the primary to the secondary, the ratio of the input to the output, and the turns ratio of any given transformer will be the same as its voltage ratio. Basic electrical engineering pdf free download bee notes pdf. Basic electrical engineering pdf notes bee pdf notes. Transformer operates when both circuits take effect of mutual induction. The actual number of turns of wire on any winding is generally not important. The ratio of the transformers primary and secondary windings with respect to each other produces either a stepup voltage transformer or a stepdown voltage transformer with the ratio between the number of primary turns to the number of secondary turns being called the turns ratio or. Due to this, the current in the primary winding called as magnetizing current produces alternating flux in the core of transformer.
A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for signals. Introduction to paralleling of ltc transformers by the. Basic electrical and electronics engineering notes pdf bee basic electric engineering is common to firstyear branches of ug engineeringexpect bt. The wire used in the two windings, primary and secondary, is coated with an insulating varnish. Download basic electrical and electronics engineering notes pdf. Transformer banks 3phase transformer banks can be analyzed using simplifying assumptions excitation currents are negligible winding impedances are negligible total apparent input power equals the total apparent output power singlephase transformers connected into a 3phase bank retain all basic singlephase properties. Pdf basics of electricity transformer theory josip josip. Transformer basics and transformer principles electronicstutorials. Download important questions of transformer with solution. A transformer basically is very simple static or stationary electromagnetic passive electrical device that works on the principle of faradays law of induction by. Apr 01, 2008 lecture series on basic electrical technology by prof. Modern transformers are designed to closer tolerances than transformers in the past. As the power losses is given by i2r so when power system has to feed a big load of high current and it has to travel over a.
The working principle of the transformer can be understood from the figure below. Single phase emf generation, average and effective values of sinusoids, j operations, complex representation of impedance, phasor diagrams, power factor. Transformer a transformer is a static device of equipment used either for raising or lowering the voltage of an a. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance. The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits which is linked by a common magnetic flux. Basic electrical engineering books and notes pdf free. Construction of transformer and its types single phase. A transformer consists of two coils of wire called windings, which are wound onto a common iron core.
In this chapter, we shall study some of the basic properties of transformers. This is the basic working principle of a transformer. A transformer transforms a voltage b current c power d frequency ans. There are two main effects that are used in a transformer and both relate to current and magnetic fields. Transformer only stepup or stepdown the level of ac voltage or ac current. Here are the pdf lecture notes for the first year engineering subject basic electrical engineering.
A potential transformer is a conventional transformer having primary and secondary windings. It is most commonly used to increase step up or decrease step down voltage levels between circuits. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. This alternating flux gets linked with the secondary winding, and because of the phenomenon of mutual induction an emf gets induced in the secondary. Umanand, principal research scientist, power electronics group, cedt, iisc bangalore for more detail. Transformer fundamentals 1 introduction the physical basis of the transformer is mutual induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic eld. Download important questions of transformer with solution in. Let us use electrical symbols to help visualize this. Basic electrical engineering quick revision pdf notes, book.
Transformers do what their name impliesthey transform voltages from one value to another the term voltage is used rather than emf, because transformers have internal resistance. If the circuit of this secondary winding is closed, then a current will flow through it. Sue the varying current flowing through the primary winding creates a magnetic flux inside the core of the transformer and in secondary winding. The winding which receives electrical power from the source is known as the primary. Basic electrical and electronics engineering notes pdf. The voltage regulation and efficiency when the transformer is connected to a load that takes 156 a at 220 v and 0. A transformer is an electrical apparatus designed to convert alternating current from one voltage to another. Ohms law, kirchhoffs voltage and current laws, nodesbranches and loops, series elements and voltage division, parallel elements and current division, stardelta transformation, independent sources and dependent sources, source transformation. Notes basic electrical engineering bee lecturenotes. In essence power enters on the primary, and leaves on the secondary.
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